Reforming Science Education for National Integration in Nigeria: Bridging Divides through Innovation and Inclusion

Abstract

Despite its mineral wealth, active and vibrant human capital, and youthful population, Nigeria lags behind other major nations in terms of development. This paper explores the contrasting developmental pathways of Japan and Nigeria to identify Nigeria’s policy and strategic missteps. Focusing on Japan’s inward-looking industrialisation and Nigeria’s resource dependency, the study traces Japan’s economic transformation during the Meiji Restoration and its post-World War II economic miracle. It highlights Japan’s strategic emphasis on domestic capacity building, technological innovation, and collaboration between government and industry. In contrast, Nigeria’s post-colonial economic trajectory has been characterised by a heavy reliance on oil exports, limited industrial diversification, and recurring political instability. Employing a qualitative comparative analysis grounded in historical institutionalism and policy review, this paper examines how Japan’s self-reliant strategies led to sustained economic growth and resilience, while Nigeria’s dependency on external resources created long-term economic vulnerabilities. Drawing on Japan’s experience, the study distils key lessons applicable to Nigeria’s development context and offers policy recommendations aimed at fostering sustainable growth and economic diversification. Finally, the paper provides broader insights into how development strategies influence national stability and long-term prosperity.